Atherosclerosis is one cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis occurs when artery walls thicken, because of fatty tissue and cholesterol build up, which then prevents them from expanding and contracting in the normal way. This stops the blood flowing freely to the heart, starving it of oxygen and if an artery blockage does happen, a heart attack may occur. Coronary heart disease is a narrowing of the inbound arteries, where angina is a major symptom. Although many people do not experience any symptoms until they eat a large meal, take exercise or even get excited. Then the heart requires more oxygen (increased blood supply) to cope with the demands of this increase in activity. This is also known as coronary artery disease.
When this happens, angina may come on suddenly and result in neck pains, discomfort down the arms and more likely in the chest. Angina can be treated with immediate rest and medication. Another condition is Arrhythmia. Most arrhythmias from the top part of the heart are nothing to be concerned about, however ventricular arrhythmias can be life threatening.
Types of Arrhythmias: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is when fast irregular electrical impulses start from many points in the ventricles, causing trembling and abnormal beating. If this problem is not treated quickly, it can lead to cardiac arrest, if not a fatality. Atrial fibrillation (AF) happens when impulses in the atria are abnormal and over ride the heart's normal rhythm causing it to fibrillate or contract erratically. If not treated, atrial fibrillation can lead to a blood clot forming, causing a stroke if it passes to the brain. Another condition, supraventricular tachycardia or SVT is caused with increased electrical corridors between the heart ventricles and the atria, allowing a short-circuit which circles back to the atria. Ventricular tachycardia or VT is when an amount of blood is pumped quicker than normal, caused from increased ventricular impulses which can lead to them not having enough time to fill the heart properly with blood before pumping. This can lead to ventricular fibrillation.
Other types of heart disease: Another type is congestive heart failure. This is defined as when the bodies requirements for oxygen rich blood are not met, because the heart is not pumping properly. It is caused from weakening of the muscle tissue, stiffening of the heart muscles or other diseases causing the body to require more oxygen. High blood pressure or hypertension can increase the chances of developing further problems. It is important to get your blood pressure checked regularly if you are middle aged or older because usually you will display no symptoms of ill health. Another kind is heart valve disease or endocarditis. As the name suggests, this is when one or more of the valves are not working efficiently, which prevents normal blood flow through the heart. This can over burden it causing shortness of breath, although treatment is available. Cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease of the heart. There are four main types, hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive and arrhythmogenic.
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